Instruction sequence control for a digital computer



Feb. 22, 1966 T. M. HERTZ 3,237,158

INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER Filed A ril 13, 1962 35 Sheets-Sheet 1 FROM MAIN FROM SECTOR TRACK OPERATION SELECTION D REGISTER INPUTIKITO B) C REGISTER D6-I AND C TIMING AND FLIP FLOP L IT TO comma. READ AND WRITE MEMORY MATR'CES COUNTER FFs NPUT INDICATOR 2o 5 LECTOR MODE FIG. I?

INPUT INPUT AND CONT ROL RlTE R cl TAPE OUTPUT SINGLE CYCLE OUTPUT SELECTOR SIMILAR TO FIG. I?

INVENTOR.

THEODORE M. HERTZ ATTORNEY FIG. I

FROM K9 T0 IZINPUT FROM AI Feb. 22, 1966 T. M. HERTZ 3,237,168

INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER Filed April 13, 1962 35 Sheets-Sheet 2 MEMORY A LOOP n CIRCULATING REGISTERS FIGv lo 0 a a a G U a a a o u 0 0 I 9 g g gm 0 a o u 12 70 lo a 0 A s a q a a 0 35-;- BIT SPACING 7 6 0 a iE m DELAY REQB F? Euw A40 A4| Al A2 FF FF I FF FF 3s BITS 0N DISC 5 BITS m FF A2, Al, A4I,A4O 8. A39 THEODORE ERTZ SINCE N0 DELAY m AsaAse THEY ARE BY THE SAME AS BITS BEING READ AND RECORDED on THE DISC .ZELL ATTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 35 Sheets-Sheet :5

Filed April 13. 1962 INVENTOR. THEODORE M. HERTZ 556% 2 2. Y B 558. Kim I1 mmuEwmE u 920 A 15 6 3 m V 7 $5585 Q w w fiw m 2.5 586 oh mmumn 5.8m N 1 E mEmEE $5.8m u f ATTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER 53 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed April I". 1962 mohoum JwZZ Iu INVENTOR. THEODORE M HERTZ BY :55 56 ATTORNEY Feb. 22, 1966 hand command.

(Next command will be a left or right hand T. M. HERTZ INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER 35 Sheets-Sheet 6 SYNC AND IDLE MDDES AFTER HAL-T (H) or SYNC I4I2I1D0'Kc SPECIAL DISPLAY 1 1 1 0 MODE FIG, 2:1 00111 1 2p IDLE AFTER 10100 H FIG. 2a

1 1 1 TRANSITION INSTRUCTION ANALYSIS Previous command was a trans- 00101 for command or was a right 2b command) SINGLE CYCLE (Sc) or If previous command was not a transfer command and was a left hand command (next command will be a right hand 11 AND Kc FLIP FLOP TURNED ON AND RETURN TO PRIOR MODES OPERAND READ Command) 53100 FNEW INSTRUCTION TRANSITION FIG. HANDLING MODES HEAD NEW INSTRUCTION 00110 TRANSITION 2,: Previous command not a transfer command and was a left i 1 f hand command. (Next command OPERAND ADDRESS will be a right hand command) ANALYSIS 01101 FIG 2d 1 1 SEARCH FOR OPERAND 01100 OPERAND AND 26 111013211110 MODES 0105114 N 0 D5 'D4 No Operand FIG 2 0 Perand 4 d J access requlred acces? requlr? U1 D5 Operand access ruquired N0 indexing Inclexlng permlttcd OPERATION CODES OPERATION CODES OPERATION CODES 00,01, 02, 02.2, (2. 25.1, 31.1, 35, 35.1, 36, 10,11,12,12.4,13,15, 03, O5, 40, 41, 42, 37, 63, 65, 66 70, 71, 72, 17 17;}, 0, 42.2, 42.4, 43, 44 and 73 76 and 51, 52, 3, 4, J1), 5e, 5 and FIG. 2g FIG 2; FIG. 21

l I Zero Shifts 1 5, 35.1, 37, 70, L A11 codes except 51. E 51 J76, and 77 UIOKIESU All are QUICKIES" r (executed in one word U100 D594 transfers on condi- U.Do, 135' ti plus 72 and 73 tlons not met. H0 00000 0900 01011 OPERATION CODES OPERATION CODES UNCONDITIONAL TRANSFER 02, 02.2 02.4, 03,05, 25.1 STI) 63 (MPY) as OPERGTION CODE 40, 41, 42 42.2, 42.4, 66 (D V), B) Q11 3 D (includlgg all condltlona trans ers converted to 43, 44 angdfi h FIG- unconditional) transfer E3 72 nd i, address is in G register a FIG. 21 2, 2.2, 2.4,40 J 3, 42, 42.2, 42.4 D0, D5

Hi D0, 00010 00010 OPERATION CODES OPERATION CODES 66 5, 4O, 41 44 and 45 FIG. 2n 2 1 -L j 110 T 5, 4O, 41, 44 and 45 25.1, and 664 f INVENTOR. 10000 13 01011 THEORDORE M. HERTZ 11000 10 OPERATION CODES OPERATION CODES 31 1 (mm and 71 (mm JQ 00 INPUT, 01 OUTPUT (SKa') (S'Ka) FIG. 2k

FIG. 2g

1 31,1 and 11 J ATTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER 55 Sheets-Sheet '7 Filed April 13 1962 O O H o H M, QHH NC; EH02 MACH INVENTOR. THEODORE M HERTZ BY 0% 2 g ATTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER 55 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed April 13, 1962 m OHM n oaon 0p 5.2% QOO mmmuum non: mmmuum V mhmwmwmoa 0 can Q m2. ma i mzmd wUH E ii? :3

m ump 0 2.5 Q 0 23 m2 2:55 HO kaou 2 S n RA mkmumwmwk U and Q Q mmm anm wEFzu can uuco cowwmamno mmwmwmmn U a00 nNQE ATTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER Filed April 15, 1962 55 Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR.

THEODORE M. HERTZ mmQOS H ATTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER Filed April 13. 1962 55 Sheets-Sheet 10 UN OK 2. ol Er mm INVENTOR. THEODORE M HERTZ uffiw m uqmiioo win: "an: m mm; 55 .57 5: m #0: @qmEEoo mzogman w i qw muE mmQOE M500 zommkdmmc a EGO! H A'PTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER Filed April 13, 1962 55 Sheets-Sheet 11 m umBE 25E unwh ucmhwao 93. vmawzv o mm vim mwoavun 5.230 c.3323 9.3

coon wig x5: N cw mmmhuwm m5 mozwm m 051m 2; mag; mmwuum x015 How :cm HmQEco In 3953 H hcEwE mma chum ca .vx uc gom 2 uwgmww 25 ATTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER 55 Sheets-Sheet 12 Filed April 13 1962 um 6E 3.??? 52. Si. 2 2.8. E u:

H o o H 0 3: ZNFE @5555 mo 38% 525% oz ioEfimmo .& 2.

UN UHN INVENTOR. THEODORE M. HERTZ O4K ATTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER Filed April 13 1962 55 Sheets-Sheet 15 @902 ZOmPMAO aY f i w ATTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER 85 Sheets-Sheet 14 Filed April 15. 1962 M502 ZOHQQMEAO BYOfCZZL g:

ATTORNEY Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER Filed April 15, 1962 HALT OR SINGLE COMPUTE T. M. HERTZ 255 Sheets-Sheet 15 SPECIAL DISPLAY MODE Flip i'lop N1 may be turned on for any of three conditions, programmed halt (H0) or ordered halt (H) or single compute (Sc) lnl llOSOTlOIZi-Il 'C 'T4D C AH+SC N1 being set during T41 causes Do to be set and the special display mode is entered rather than 10 ldo NlK li and the computer enters the special display mode by reading the G register location counter (bits 23 to 34) into the Z register and also into the D and C registor whose states are indicated by neon IDLE lights.

FIG. 2k

and turning off Do and Kc odo IlDoT ll okc bi llKll 3 Flip Flop N1 is turned off at T41 by -1. Transition from this mode is to Idle by FIG. 2a

OPERATION MODE UiD0(D5 OPERATION MODE I4 I2 I1 'DOKc O 0 O 1 CI This mode is entered from UiDo upon The storing takes place and in terminated by setting Kc for storing opt-ration codes 05 and 45.

lkC UiDSDlDOTQO 111 11 K ll K41 KcT ll 11 causing transition back to 10 or In The copy commands 40, ll and 44 are terminated by Ike :Sl 'UiDoT lO FIG. 2i

1c In FIG. 2b, 2d

INVENTOR. THEODORE M. HERTZ 106i rib ATTORNEY Feb. 22, 1966 T. M. HERTZ 3,237,168

INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER Filed April 13, 1962 53 Sheets-Sheet 16 OPERATION MODE Ul D5 OPERATION MODE I 1 1211 'DO KC 0 1 O O D l This mode covers operation codes 25 l to 37 and 63 to 77 all of which require operand access Two of the operations Bl l (LDI) and 71 (HTR) (indicated by Kc turning on because of D4) set Do and the H0 mode is entered 2 Certain 01 the operation codes (the D4 group) include commands 35 to 37 70, 76 UiDo' In and 77 which are completed in a single D5D4' FIG. 29 WOId time Kc is turned on at the begin- FIG 2m nine 0i Lho word time lkc I) Il D 'lTl Trunsi Lion is then made (bv setting 11 at Kell time) back to la or In depending on wheLher 11 right hand command or a trans- Ic In for operation is completed (return to Ic) FIGS. 2b, 2d or left hand command completed (return to 3 Two 01 these codes (D5D4 group) are 72 and 73 (add and suhtrac L) require a further word time for completion (to recomplement negative number to end up with absolute value plus sign) In these codes Kc is turned off, causing I2 to turn off and UiDo (D5) is entered.

INVENTOR. THEODOR E M. HERTZ ATTORNEY Feb. 22, 1966 T. M. HERTZ 3,237,168

INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER Filed April 13, 1962 55 Sheets-Sheet 17 OPERATION MODE OPERATION MODE I4'I2I1 'DOKC l This mode is entered from step 1 of U1 ,D5 for operation codes 31 .1 and 71 and are completed in one word time.

2 Transfer of the B register index into the G register is accomplished under control of R42, designating all address insertion periods.

3. If the command is 31 .1 (load index into G41) the flip flop Do is reset early by odo=HoN5'Tl4DlI2Pl to separate this command from the transfer U1 D5 commands.

FIG. 2 j

Since I2 will remain on, the conunand not 5. If the command is 71 (halt and transfer unconditionally) Do remains on and the special display mode is entered. This is so because the halt condition enters a binary one into the G register preventing G1 and K41G1'N1' does not exist, therefore SPECIAL Do stays on and the computer proceeds into DISPLAY the special display mode. FIG. 2p

FIG. 2k

INVENTOR.

THEODORE M HERTZ ATTORNEY Feb. 22, 1966 T. M. HERTZ INSTRUCTION szqumncn CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER Filed April 1:. 1962 OPERATION MODE UiDo',D5

55 Sheets-Sheet 18 OPERATION MODE I l I2 11 Do Kc (J O O O This mode is entered by Zero setting 12 The mode is also entered for codes DD4' which codes also require additional time after mode U1 to complete their execution.

These are codes 25. 1 (store index) 63 (multiply) 65 (store address) and 66 (divide) and I2 is reset to enter this mode Codes 72 and 73 are completed in one additional word time after U1 Code 63 (multiply) is completed when GlKg occurs at T (including T) and Kc is set lkc=GlKgC3I3aT2OCl FIG. 2n

In,Ic

C3 prevents division from being also terminated at this time it requiring still another word time for completion. C3 receives D3 which indicates multiplication only.

For operation codes 25.1 (STI) (STA) and 66 (DIV) mode UiDo is entered by setting Do FIG. 2b,2d

FIG. 2m

INVENTOR. THEODORE M. HERTZ BY 44 d ATTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER 55 Sheets-Sheet 19 Filed April 1 1962 R E a .EmEEcu Una: i3;

ATTORNEY T. M. HERTZ Feb. 22, 1966 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE CONTROL FOR A DIGITAL COMPUTER 53 Sheets-Sheet 20 Fi led April 13 1962 QM Aim H so muonc 50 :O ZQQQ an c 20:01:50 can: a

ATTORNEY 

1. IN A COMPUTER WHEREIN A LEFT HAND AND A RIGHT HAND INSTRUCTION PAIR IS OBTAINED BY SINGLE REFERENCE TO A LOCATION IN A MEMORY OF SAID COMPUTER IN RESPONSE TO A SINGLE ADDRESS CODE, MEANS RESPONSIVE TO SAID SINGLE ADDRESS CODE, MEANS RESPONSIVE TO SAID SINGLE ADDRESS CODE FOR ARBITRARILY SELECTING WHICH OF SAID LEFT HAND AND RIGHT HAND INSTRUCTION OF A PAIR IS TO BE CARRIED OUT, AND MEANS FOR AUTOMATICALLY CARRYING OUT SAID RIGHT HAND INSTRUCTION SUBSEQUENT TO SAID LEFT HAND INSTRUCTION IF SAID LEFT HAND INSTRUCTION IS DESIGNATED FOR EXECUTION FIRST PROVIDED SAID LEFT HAND INSTRUCTION DOES NOT DIRECT A TRANSFER TO A NEW PAIR OF INSTRUCTIONS. 